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Applies to: SQL Server (all supported versions) - Windows only Azure SQL Managed Instance

An installation of SQL Server consists of one or more separate instances. An instance, whether default or named, has its own set of program and data files, as well as a set of common files shared between all instances of SQL Server on the computer.

For an instance of SQL Server that includes the Database Engine, Analysis Services, and Reporting Services, each component has a full set of data and executable files, and common files shared by all components.

To isolate install locations for each component, unique instance IDs are generated for each component within a given instance of SQL Server.

Important

Program files and data files cannot be installed on a removable disk drive, cannot be installed on a file system that uses compression, cannot be installed to a directory where system files are located, and cannot be installed on shared drives on a failover cluster instance.

You might need to configure scanning software, such as antivirus and antispyware applications, to exclude SQL Server folders and file types. Review this support article for more information: Antivirus software on computers running SQL Server.

System databases (master, model, MSDB, and tempdb), and Database Engine user databases can be installed with Server Message Block (SMB) file server as a storage option. This applies to both SQL Server stand-alone and SQL Server failover cluster installations (FCI). For more information, see Install SQL Server with SMB Fileshare as a Storage Option.

Do not delete any of the following directories or their contents: Binn, Data, Ftdata, HTML, or 1033. You can delete other directories, if necessary; however, you might not be able to retrieve any lost functionality or data without uninstalling and then reinstalling SQL Server. Do not delete or modify any of the .htm files in the HTML directory. They are required for SQL Server tools to function properly.

Shared Files for All Instances of SQL Server

Common files used by all instances on a single computer are installed in the folder <drive>:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL Servernnn. <drive> is the drive letter where components are installed. The default is usually drive C. nnn identifies the version. The following table identifies versions for the paths. {nn} is the version value used in the instance ID, and registry path.

Version	nnn	{nn}
SQL Server 2019 (15.x)	150	15
SQL Server 2017 (14.x)	140	14
SQL Server 2016 (13.x)	130	13
SQL Server 2014 (12.x)	120	12
SQL Server 2012 (11.x)	110	11

File Locations and Registry Mapping

During SQL Server Setup, an instance ID is generated for each server component. The server components in this SQL Server release are the Database Engine, Analysis Services, and Reporting Services.

The default instance ID is constructed by using the following format:

MSSQL for the Database Engine, followed by the major version number, followed by an underscore and the minor version when applicable, and a period, followed by the instance name.
MSAS for Analysis Services, followed by the major version number, followed by an underscore and the minor version when applicable, and a period, followed by the instance name.
MSRS for Reporting Services, followed by the major version number, followed by an underscore and the minor version when applicable, and a period, followed by the instance name.

Examples of default instance IDs in this release of SQL Server are as follows:

MSSQL{nn}.MSSQLSERVER for a default instance of SQL Server.
MSAS{nn}.MSSQLSERVER for a default instance of SQL Server Analysis Services.
MSSQL{nn}.MyInstance for a named instance of SQL Server named 'MyInstance.'

The directory structure for a SQL Server named instance that includes the Database Engine and Analysis Services, named 'MyInstance', and installed to the default directories would be as follows:

C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL{nn}.MyInstance
C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSAS{nn}.MyInstance

You can specify any value for the instance ID, but avoid special characters and reserved keywords.

You can specify a non-default instance ID during SQL Server Setup. Instead of {Program Files}MicrosoftSQL Server, a <custom path>MicrosoftSQL Server is used if the user chooses to change the default installation directory. Note that instance IDs that begin with an underscore (_) or that contain the number sign (#) or the dollar sign ($) are not supported.

Note

Integration Services and client components are not instance aware and, therefore are not assigned an instance ID. By default, non-instance-aware components are installed to a single directory: <drive>:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL Servernnn. Changing the installation path for one shared component also changes it for the other shared components. Subsequent installations install non-instance-aware components to the same directory as the original installation.

SQL Server Analysis Services is the only SQL Server component that supports instance renaming after installation. If an instance of Analysis Services is renamed, the instance ID will not change. After instance renaming is complete, directories and registry keys will continue to use the instance ID created during installation.

The registry hive is created under HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL Server<Instance_ID> for instance-aware components. For example,

HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL ServerMSSQL{nn}.MyInstance
HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL ServerMSAS{nn}.MyInstance
HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL ServerMSRS{nn}.MyInstance

Default Data Location For 3u Tools Software

The registry also maintains a mapping of instance ID to instance name. Instance ID to instance name mapping is maintained as follows:

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL ServerInstance NamesSQL] '<InstanceName>'='MSSQL{nn}'
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL ServerInstance NamesOLAP] '<InstanceName>'='MSAS{nn}'
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftMicrosoftSQL ServerInstance NamesRS] '<InstanceName>'='MSRS{nn}'

Specifying File Paths

During Setup, you can change the installation path for the following features:

The installation path is displayed in Setup only for features with a user-configurable destination folder:

Component	Default path	Configurable or Fixed Path
Database Engine server components	Program FilesMicrosoftSQL ServerMSSQL{nn}.<InstanceID>	Configurable
Database Engine data files	Program FilesMicrosoftSQL ServerMSSQL{nn}.<InstanceID>	Configurable
Analysis Services server	Program FilesMicrosoftSQL ServerMSAS{nn}.<InstanceID>	Configurable
Analysis Services data files	Program FilesMicrosoftSQL ServerMSAS{nn}.<InstanceID>	Configurable
Reporting Services report server	Program FilesMicrosoftSQL ServerMSRS{nn}.<InstanceID>Reporting ServicesReportServerBin	Configurable
Reporting S